Nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y aptitudes en infecciones intrahospitalarias del personal asistencial de un hospital de baja y uno de alta complejidad, en Antioquia / Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills as for Hospital-Acquired Infections in Health Care Staff of a Low and a High-Complexity Hospital in Antioquia / Nível de conhecimento, atitudes e aptidões em infecções hospitalares de profissionais de saúde de um hospital de baixa e um hospital de alta complexidade em Antioquia

Introducción. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en instituciones de países en desarrollo las infecciones nosocomiales podrían superar el 25%; en Colombia, en 2012 estas representaban el 4.7% de las causas de muerte según Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá. El Ministerio de Salud señaló a Antioquia como el departamento con la tasa más alta en Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS). Objetivo. Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y aptitudes en IAAS por parte del personal asistencial de un hospital de baja y uno de alta complejidad, en Antioquia. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal, 66 participantes entre médicos, auxiliares de enfermería y enfermeros de urgencias y hospitalización. Intervalo de confianza del 90%. Criterios de inclusión: llevar mínimo tres meses trabajando en el hospital, en todos los tipos de contratación. Exclusión: no aceptar participación y personal asistencial con funciones administrativas. Se aplicó un instrumento con preguntas cerradas sobre los conocimientos, actitudes y aptitudes en IAAS. Resultados. Enfermería tuvo mayor nivel en conocimientos, auxiliares de enfermería en prácticas y los médicos tuvieron menor puntaje con un 24%. En actitud, el personal de ambos hospitales percibía las actividades asociadas a la atención en salud como importantes, pero rutinarias. Discusión. El componente de conocimientos representa el mayor problema para la población, más específicamente la temática sobre lavado de manos, los médicos presentaron mayor número de puntajes por debajo del 60%. Conclusiones. El estudio sugiere que los profesionales de ambos hospitales, independientemente de su profesión, poseen mejores bases prácticas que teóricas, la actitud no parece tener relación con las otras variables.

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization, nosocomial infection rate in institutions from developing countries could exceed 25%; in Colombia, in 2012 these represented 4.7% of the causes of death according to the Health Secretariat of Bogotá The Ministry of Health has identified Antioquia as the department with the highest rate of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI). Objective. To assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and skills in HAIs by the healthcare staff of a low and a high complexity hospital in Antioquia. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive study, 66 participants thereof including physicians, nursing assistants and emergency and hospitalization nurses. 90% confidence interval. Inclusion criteria: at least three months working in the hospital, under all types of contracts. Exclusion: staff not accepting participation and assistance staff with administrative functions. An instrument with closed questions on knowledge, attitudes and skills in HAIs was applied. Results. Nursing staff had the highest level in knowledge, nursing assistants in practice and physicians had the lowest score with 24%. As for attitudes, staff at both hospitals identified the activities associated with health care as important, but routinary. Discussion. The knowledge component stands as the greatest issue for this population, more specifically the hand washing topic, with physicians recording the greater number of scores below 60%. Conclusions. The study suggests that practitioners in both hospitals, regardless of their professional duties, have a better practical than theoretical basis; attitude does not seem to be related to the other variables.

Introdução. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, em instituições de países em desenvolvimento, as infecções nosocomiais podem ultrapassar 25%; na Colômbia, em 2012, representavam 4.7% das causas de morte, segundo o Ministério da Saúde de Bogotá. O Ministério da Saúde indicou Antioquia como o departamento com maior índice de Infecções Associadas à Atenção à Saúde (IAAS). Objetivo. Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, atitudes e aptidões em IAAS da equipe assistencial de um hospital de baixa complexidade e um hospital de alta complexidade, em Antioquia. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo transversal, com 66 participantes entre médicos, auxiliares de enfermagem e enfermeiros de emergência e internação. Intervalo de confiança de 90%. Critérios de inclusão: trabalhar no hospital há, no mínimo, três meses, em todos os tipos de vínculos. Exclusão: não aceitar participação e pessoal de saúde com funções administrativas. Foi aplicado um instrumento com questões fechadas sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e aptidões em IAAS. Resultados. A enfermagem apresentou maior nível de conhecimento, os auxiliares de enfermagem e os médicos obtiveram menor pontuação com 24%. Na atitude, os funcionários de ambos os hospitais perceberam as atividades associadas aos cuidados de saúde como importantes, mas rotineiras. Discussão. O componente conhecimento representa o maior problema para a população, mais especificamente a questão da lavagem das mãos, os médicos apresentaram o maior número de pontuações abaixo dos 60%. Conclusões. O estudo sugere que os profissionais de ambos os hospitais, independentemente da profissão, possuem melhores bases práticas do que teóricas; a atitude não parece estar relacionada com as demais variáveis.

[Gly482Ser polymorphism of the coactivator-1alpha of the activated receptor of peroxisome gamma proliferation in individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela]. / Polimorfismo Gly482Ser del gen coactivador-1alpha del receptor activado de proliferación de los peroxisomas gamma en individuos de la ciudad de Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Estudio preliminar.

The aim of this study was to determine the association of the Gly482Ser polymorphism of the PGC-1 gene with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects from the city of Maracaibo. The study was performed on 64 no-diabetic subjects (36 without insulin resistance and 28 with insulin resistance) and 13 with type 2 diabetes. A clinical and nutritional history was carried out and the evaluation of anthropometric parameters was included. Fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, were measured. The Gly482Ser polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP. It was found that the allelic frequencies for A and G were 0.36 and 0.64, respectively. The population was found in genetic equilibrium of Hardy Weinberg. The genotypes of the polymorphism Gly482Ser were not associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.320, p = 0.74; OR = 2, p = 0.47 respectively). Nevertheless, the diabetic subjects with the genotype AA presented values of LDL-C higher (p < 0.05) than the individuals with the genotypes GG and GA. The diabetics with the genotype GA showed significantly higher concentrations of triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) compared with the genotype GG. According to the results, the polymorphism Gly482Ser of the PGC-1 gene would be able to contribute to the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics, while in the insulin resistant individuals, this polymorphism was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors.

Polimorfismo Gly482Ser del gen coactivador-1a dl receptor activado de proliferación de los peroxisomas y en individuos de la ciudad de Maracaibo estado Zulia Venezuela: estudio preliminar / Gly482Ser polymorphism of the coactivator-1a of the activated receptor of peroxisone y proliferation in individuals from Maracaibo Venezuela

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre el polimorfismo Gly482Ser del gen PGC-1 con resistencia a la insulina y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en individuos de la ciudad de Maracaibo. Se estudiaron 64 individuos no diabético (36 sin resistencia a la insulina, 28 resistentes a la insulina) y 13 diabéticos tipo 2. Se realizó una historia clínica nutricional que incluyó la evaluación de parámetros antropométricos. Se midieron los niveles de glicemia e insulina basal, colesterol total, HDL-C y LDL-C. El polimorfismo Gly482Ser fue detectado empleando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y polimorfismo de restricción de fragmentos largos. Se encontró que las frecuencias alélicas para A y G resultaron 0,36 y 0,64 respectivamente. La población se encontró en equilibrio genético de Hardy Weinberg. Al asociar los genotipos del polimorfismo Gly482Ser con la resistencia a la insulina y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, no se encontró asociación estadística significativa (OR=1,320, p=0,74; OR=2, p=0,47 respectivamente). Sin embargo, los individuos diabéticos con genotipo AA presentaron valores de LDL-C más elevados (p<0,05) que los individuos con el genotipo GG y GA. Los diabéticos con el genotipo GA mostraron concentraciones significativamente elevadas de triglicéridos (>150 mg/dL) comparados con los del genotipo GG. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, el polimorfismo Gly482Ser del gen PGC-1 podría contribuir al riesgo cardiovascular en los individuos diabéticos tipo 2, mientras que en los individuos resistentes a la insulina este polimorfismo no estuvo asociado a factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

The aim of this study was to determine the association of the Gly482Ser polymorphism of the PGC-1 gene with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects from the city of Maracaibo. The study was performed on 64 no-diabetic subjects (36 without insulin resistance and 28 with insulin resistance) and 13 with type 2 diabetes. A clinical and nutritional history was carried out and the evaluation of anthropometric parameters was included. Fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, were measured. The Gly482Ser polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP. It was found that the allelic frequencies for A and G were 0.36 and 0.64, respectively. The population was found in genetic equilibrium of Hardy Weinberg. The genotypes of the polymorphism Gly482Ser were not associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=1.320, p=0.74; OR = 2, p=0.47 respectively). Nevertheless, the diabetic subjects with the genotype AA presented values of LDL-C higher (p<0.05) than the individuals with the genotypes GG and GA. The diabetics with the genotype GA showed significantly higher concentrations of triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) compared with the genotype GG. According to the results, the polymorphism Gly482Ser of the PGC-1 gene would be able to contribute to the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics, while in the insulin resistant individuals, this polymorphism was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors.